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- AIDS - New Ethical Challenges
AIDS in bioethics is over, so to speak, the caravan has moved on to other issues quite some time ago. Perhaps, in light of the continuing pandemic and the numbers of people affected by it, it might be worth our while to re-visit some of these issues....
Citation: Schuklenk, Udo. 2008. Editorial: AIDS - New Ethical Challenges. Bioethics 22 (8).
Areas of Interest: Health, Public Policy
- An Accounting System Proposal for Sustainable Communities: The Impact of Cancun's Marine Parks
Gross Domestic Product is a touchstone for growth and prosperity. However, this calculative practice is now dissonant with current natural resource depletion and social strife. The institutionalized social practice of NEA on which GDP is based, privileges flows over stocks under the untenable assumption that the stocks to fuel the flows are infinite....
Citation:
Areas of Interest: Accountability, Accountability - Reporting, Economic - Environmental, Economic - Social, Health, Public Policy - Regulation, Sustainability
- Benefit Sharing and the Privatization of Medical Research
The nature of federally-funded medical research has undergone profound transformations over the last three decades. Initiatives have emanated from all major public and private spheres of the democratic state, including political, economic, legal, regulatory, industrial and public welfare sectors....
Citation: Bouchard, Ron A. 2007. Benefit Sharing and the Privatization of Medical Research. Munk Centre for International Studies Briefings, Vol. 5. Comparative Program in Health & Society Papers. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=986805
Areas of Interest: Health, Public Policy - Regulation
- Breaking the Cycle of Urban Poverty
Millions of people around the world live in informal urban communities where a lack of resources leads to degradation of the environment. Deteriorating environmental conditions, in turn, create more p...
Citation: Dale, Stephen. 2008. Breaking the Cycle of Urban Poverty: IDRC.
Areas of Interest: Development, Health, Poverty
- Bridging the Chasm: Canadian Energy and Mining Companies and the HIV/AIDS Epidemic
This paper describes the business risks for companies operating in countries where the HIV/AIDS pandemic has taken hold and what companies need to do to help fight the war on AIDS....
Citation: Ethical Funds Company. 2005. Canadian Energy and Mining Companies and the HIV/AIDS Epidemic - Bridging the Chasm. The Ethical Funds Company.
Areas of Interest: Health, Resource Extraction
- Chaoulli: Political Undertows and Judicial Riptides
In this paper, I discuss the deficiencies of the Supreme Courts decision and how notwithstanding, the decision has legitimatized privatization as a policy option. […] I then turn to explore how, across Canada, Chaoulli has inspired two different types of claims to health care based on Charter rights. First, Charter cases that have sprung up post Chaoulli arguing for greater access to publicly-funded care, and second, Charter cases that (similar to Chaoulli) seek to liberalize present regulations and open up the system to further private financing. I then discuss two other kinds of litigation - administrative law challenges that seek to improve the process by which decisions are made within publicly-funded Medicare; and, challenges based in private law, for example tort law, to limitations in publicly-funded care. I argue that it is the last two avenues of litigation that have the greatest hope for improving the performance of the health care system for all Canadians....
Citation: Flood, Colleen M. 2008. Chaoulli: Political Undertows and Judicial Riptides (June 25). Health Law Review. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1151253
Areas of Interest: Health, Health - Healthcare
- Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation: A Canadian Perspective
The report 'Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation: A Canadian Perspective' provides an overview of research in the field of climate change impacts and adaptation over the past five years, as it relates to Canada. [The] summary presents common themes of the report, as well as highlights from individual chapters....
Citation: Warren, Fiona J. and Natural Resources Canada. 2004. Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation: A Canadian Perspective. Government of Canada.
Areas of Interest: Climate Change, Development, Economic - Environmental, Health, Public Policy, Resource Extraction, Sustainability
- Continental Drift: Agricultural Trade and the Widening Gap Between European Union and United States Animal Welfare Laws
This article posits that the E.U. will ultimately prevail in a prolonged trade conflict borne of the diametrically-opposed policies, and that U.S. corporations desiring access to E.U. markets will have no choice but to initiate good faith animal welfare and food safety reforms, in the absence of legislative reform. Part I depicts the developing chasm between animal agriculture regulations in the U.S. vis-à-vis the E.U. Part II reviews the legal scaffolding on which trade agreements are built and disputes are resolved, illustrating the contradictory twin goals of supporting sovereign authority over domestic policies and enabling unencumbered international trade. Finally, Part III analyzes relevant WTO disputes and suggests arguments the E.U. might use to preserve its animal welfare standards and human health regulations, focusing on the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (“GATT”) and the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (“SPS Agreement”). The article concludes that, irrespective of inevitable diplomatic and economic pressure from the U.S., existing trade agreements do not foreclose the use of trade bans to preserve E.U. reform directives....
Citation: Vesilind, Pamela A. 2010. Continental Drift: Agricultural Trade and the Widening Gap Between European Union and United States Animal Welfare Laws (September 21). Vermont Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 12; Vermont Law School Research Paper No. 10-50. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1679361
Areas of Interest: Health, Public Policy - Regulation
- Effects of Mining on Women's Health in Labrador West
In 2004 MiningWatch Canada partnered with the Labrador West Status of Women Council and the Femmes francophones de l'Ouest du Labrador on a joint effort to explore community women's own perceptions of the effects on their health from living in a mining town....
Citation: The Labrador West Status of Women Council, Femmes Francophones de l'Ouest du Labrador, MiningWatch Canada and the Steelworkers Humanity Fund. 2004. Effects of Mining on Women's Health in Labrador West. MiningWatch Canada.
Areas of Interest: Development, Gender, Health, Indigenous People, Resource Extraction
- Evaluations of a Victim as a Function of Fate Similarity/Dissimilarity
Upon observing a peer (victim) receive painful electric shocks as punishment for making errors in a serial learning task, subjects who anticipated a similar fate (n = 21) were significantly less likely to devalue the victim than those who did not anticipate a similar fate (n = 22). This finding supports the contention that an observer's devaluation of a suffering victim may vary as a function of anticipated fate similarity rather than perceived attitude or attribute similarity per se. Further, the data in conjunction with an additional, albeit marginally significant finding, suggest that derogation of the victim was more likely to be motivated by defensive attribution than a need to believe in a just world....
Citation: Sorrentino, R.M. and Boutilier, R.G. 1974.Evaluations of a Victim as a Function of Fate Similarity/Dissimilarity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 10:83-93.
Areas of Interest: Health
- Fast Food Outlet Density and the Incidence of Overweight and Obesity Across Canadian Metropolitan Areas
The increased incidence of obesity and overweight, particularly in wealthier countries, has been identified as a major public health concern. Access to fast food products has been suggested as a possible culprit. Understanding whether or not such claims have theoretical and empirical support is an important step in informing current policy debates over the use of policy interventions in addressing these dietary concerns....
Citation: Cash, Sean, Goddard, Ellen and Lacanilao, Ryan. 2007. Fast Food Outlet Density and the Incidence of Overweight and Obesity Across Canadian Metropolitan Areas (June 2007). iHEA 2007 6th World Congress: Explorations in Health Economics Paper. SSRN eLibrary. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=992962
Areas of Interest: Health
- Financial Options for the Remediation of Mine Sites. A Preliminary Study
Abandoned mines are a key source of pollution in Canada. They are a serious and immediate danger to human health and the environment -- they are costing taxpayers millions of dollars in clean-up, health impacts such as cancers, and lost fishery and farm income. And they stand to cost billions more....
Citation: CCSG Associates. 2001. Financial Options for the Remediation of Mine Sites. A Preliminary Study. MiningWatch Canada.
Areas of Interest: Economic - Environmental, Health, Public Policy - Regulation, Resource Extraction
- Grave Diggers. A Report on Mining in Burma
The report is divided into four chapters and five appendices. The first chapter deals with the history, and current (post-1994) state of mining and mineral-related legislation in Burma. The second and third chapters examine in some detail the operations of specific companies, including the large number of exploration projects which may, or may not become working mines. The fourth chapter examines the "Friedland empire," a brace of enterprises which includes the Monywa copper mine. This mine is not only the biggest of its kind in Burma, but is also mine promoter Robert Friedland's most important single investment. Appendix I briefly summarizes the impacts of copper mining and, in particular, the processing method used at Monywa. Appendix II looks at the consequences to social conditions of mineral development. Appendix III examines the heroin epidemic and the spread of AIDS/HIV in mining towns. Appendix IV is an interview with a former mining engineer. Appendix V summarises additional observations gleaned from discussions with Burmese miners....
Citation: Moody, Roger. 1999. Grave Diggers. A Report on Mining in Burma. Canada Asia Pacific Resource Network (CAPRN).
Areas of Interest: Economic - Environmental, Economic - Social, Health, Resource Extraction
- Healthy Talking: Counter-Advertising Law and the Democratic Re-Construction of Food Culture to Fight Obesity and Hunger in Canada
This work argues that it is important to re-structure the legal powers of commercial expression to facilitate consumer, governmental and corporate counter-advertising in Canada....
Citation: Salazar, Alberto. 2007. Healthy Talking: Counter-Advertising Law and the Democratic Re-Construction of Food Culture to Fight Obesity and Hunger in Canada (May). SSRN eLibrary. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=987023
Areas of Interest: Consumer Issues, Consumer Issues - Consumer Rights, Health, Public Policy - Regulation
- Management Ethics [Summer, 2011]
Editorial: Responsible Environmental Stewardship in the Service Sector; Environmental Issues in the Service Sector; Environmental Leadership in the Financial Services Sector; Canada's Environmental Law Framework; Environmental Stewardship Within a Population Health Context; A Message from the Incoming Chair...
Citation: EthicsCentre CA. 2011. Management Ethics, Summer. EthicsCentre CA
Areas of Interest: Consumer Issues, Environment & Business, Health
- Mining & Health: A Community-Centred Health Assessment Toolkit
The Community-Centred Health Assessment Toolkit provides 15 tools Tools provide guidance in a wide range of areas -- from establishing a core working group, to thinking about health, to creating a vision statement, to various methods for gathering information from the community (mapping exercises, using focus groups), to using indicators, developing surveys, and additional sources for gathering data....
Citation: Coumans,Catherine, Sue Moodie and Lisa Sumi. 2009. Mining & Health: A Community-Centred Health Assessment Toolkit. MiningWatch Canada and the Canary Research Institute for Mining, Environment, and Health.
Areas of Interest: Health, Indigenous People, Resource Extraction
- Mining's Toxic Orphans. A Plan for Action on Federal Contaminated and Unsafe Mine Sites
MiningWatch Canada and its member organizations have prepared the following paper to make recommendations to the federal government about dealing with this responsibility....
Citation: MiningWatch Canada. 2000. Mining's Toxic Orphans. A Plan for Action on Federal Contaminated and Unsafe Mine Sites. MiningWatch Canada.
Areas of Interest: Economic - Environmental, Health, Public Policy, Resource Extraction
- Overburdened. Understanding the Impacts of Mineral Extraction on Women's Health in Mining Communities
Overburdened is a comprehensive literature review on women, mining, and health. Evidence regarding the impact of mining, mineral extraction, and processing on the health of women and their communities is presented....
Citation: CCSG Associates. 2004. Overburdened. Understanding the Impacts of Mineral Extraction on Women's Health in Mining Communities. MiningWatch Canada.
Areas of Interest: Gender, Health, Resource Extraction
- Relational Professional Autonomy
The notion of “relational” autonomy—as described by feminist scholars such as Susan Sherwin and Anne Donchin—has been the subject of a significant body of literature over the last few years and has re...
Citation: MacDonald, Chris. 2002. Relational Professional Autonomy. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 11 (3):282-289.
Areas of Interest: Health, Theory
- Secrets of the Medicines Trade, or, Why Isn't 'Drug' Safety and Efficacy Information Open to Canadians?
Most information about the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals, biologics, and medical devices marketed, prescribed, and consumed in Canada is not publicly available for two reasons: (1) Because the companies who manufacture these products claim they own that information. And (2) because Health Canada, the government regulator who reviews (piecemeal) the information in order to determine if these products are safe and efficacious enough before and after they go on the market, generally cedes to that claim....
Citation: Herder, Matthew. 2011. Secrets of the Medicines Trade, or, Why Isn't 'Drug' Safety and Efficacy Information Open to Canadians? (March 6). SSRN eLibrary. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1779483
Areas of Interest: Health, Public Policy - Regulation
- The Human Face of Law: Essays in Honour of Donald Harris
These essays by leading scholars provide rich insights into current thinking in socio-legal studies and a thoughtful evaluation of future directions....
Citation: Hawkins,Keith. 1997. The Human Face of Law: Essays in Honour of Donald Harris. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Areas of Interest: Accountability, Corporate Governance - Transparency, Economic, Health, Labour, Labour - Health & Safety, Public Policy - Regulation
- The Impact of Poverty on Health - A Scan of Research Literature
This paper assesses the status of poverty and health in Canada through various measurments and concepts of Social Economic Status (SES) since February 2002. It discusses the extent of inequality and d...
Citation: Phipps, S. 2003. The Impact of Poverty on Health - A Scan of Research Literature: Canadian Population Health Initiative.
Areas of Interest: Economic, Gender, Health, Labour, Labour - Employee, Poverty, Public Policy
- The Social Dimension of Sustainable Development and the Mining Industry: A Background Paper
Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) has prepared this discussion paper in an effort to expand the understanding of the mining industry’s contribution to and impacts on the social aspects of sustainable development in Canada. The paper deals with the domestic aspects of the social dimension of sustainable development and the mining industry....
Citation: Lapalme, Lise-Aurore. 2003. The Social Dimension of Sustainable Development and the Mining Industry: A Background Paper. Minerals and Metals Sector / Natural Resources Canada.
Areas of Interest: Development, Economic - Environmental, Economic - Social, Health, Indigenous People, Public Policy, Resource Extraction, Sustainability
- The Theory and Practice of Perpetual Care of Contaminated Sites
This report has been written for submission by Alternatives North to the Mackenzie Valley Environmental Impact Review Board as part of the Giant Mine environmental assessment, but it is also intended for public use....
Citation: Kuyek, Joan. 2011. The Theory and Practice of Perpetual Care of Contaminated Sites. Alternatives North and MiningWatch Canada.
Areas of Interest: Economic - Environmental, Health, Indigenous People, Public Policy - Regulation, Resource Extraction
- Through Children's Eyes
How do children perceive environmental issues in their community? In this audio slideshow, former IDRC intern Sarah McCans describes the innovative project she undertook, working with children in Kamp...
Citation: McCans, Sarah. 2008. Through Children's Eyes: IDRC.
Areas of Interest: Health, Poverty
- Towards a New Model of Intervention for Occupational Health in Small Firms
This article concerns interventions by health professionals in small workplaces (less than 50 employees)....
Citation: Carpentier-Roy, Marie-Claire, Marcel Simard, Alain Marchand, and Francois Ouellet. 2001. Towards a New Model of Intervention for Occupational Health in Small Firms. Relations Industrielles/Industrial Relations, Vol. 56, No. 1. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1671704
Areas of Interest: Health, Labour - Health & Safety
- Transfer Pricing within the North American Pharmaceutical Industry: Has There Been a Structural Shift in Risk?
Patent protection within the North American pharmaceutical industry has enabled pharmaceutical companies in the past to obtain a degree of exclusivity with respect to a particular market. This exclusivity is needed to provide drug companies with significant profits on winner drugs in order to offset the losses associated with the many failures that occur during the long developmental process. Laws in Canada that are designed to protect intellectual property have not been strong enough and have forced pharmaceutical companies to perform valuable research and development activity in other tax jurisdictions such as the United States....
Citation: Hejazi, Jamal. 2006. Transfer Pricing within the North American Pharmaceutical Industry: Has There Been a Structural Shift in Risk? International Transfer Pricing Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, January-February, pp. 8-14. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=815946
Areas of Interest: Health
- Treatment Resistance in Anorexia Nervosa and the Pervasiveness of Ethics in Clinical Decision-Making
Clinical efforts to treat anorexia nervosa (AN) are constantly resisted by patients. Although the primacy of patient autonomy is a cornerstone of modern medical ethics, clinicians will nonetheless oft...
Citation: MacDonald, Chris. 2002. Treatment Resistance in Anorexia Nervosa and the Pervasiveness of Ethics in Clinical Decision-Making. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 47 (3):267-270.
Areas of Interest: Health
- Two Million Tonnes a Day: A Mine Waste Primer
The creation of large volumes of waste, including solids, liquid effluents, and air emissions, is a fact of life for mining and mineral processing operations. Depending on the minerals’ natural geology and how they are processed these wastes can often be hazardous to the environment and human health. Solid wastes including waste rock and tailings are, by volume, the most significant waste generated by mining and mineral processing. Solid wastes are typically in the tens to hundreds of millions of tons of waste for a single mine. A rough estimate of Canadian production is 2 million tonnes a day. Based on information available from the U.S., it is safe to assume that mining in Canada generates a greater volume of toxic waste than any other industry in the country....
Citation: MiningWatch Canada. 2009. Two Million Tonnes a Day: A Mine Waste Primer. MiningWatch Canada.
Areas of Interest: Economic - Environmental, Health, Public Policy - Regulation, Resource Extraction
- Where are the Global Firms? Barriers to Globalization in a Health Care Market in Ontario, Canada
The objectives of this paper are to investigate the degree to which foreign for-profit health care corporations participate in the market, what parts of the market they are active in, and what the reasons are for the level of participation. The paper will explore whether non-tariff regulatory mechanisms help produce the level of foreign investment....
Citation: Holyoke, Paul, and Raisa Deber. 2007. Where are the Global Firms? Barriers to Globalization in a Health Care Market in Ontario, Canada (June 18). iHEA 2007 6th World Congress: Explorations in Health Economics Paper. SSRN eLibrary. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=995024
Areas of Interest: Globalization, Health, Public Policy - Regulation
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